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MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual  /  MySQL Programs  /  Overview of MySQL Programs

4.1 Overview of MySQL Programs

There are many different programs in a MySQL installation. This section provides a brief overview of them. Later sections provide a more detailed description of each one, with the exception of NDB Cluster programs. Each program's description indicates its invocation syntax and the options that it supports. Section 22.4, “NDB Cluster Programs”, describes programs specific to NDB Cluster.

Most MySQL distributions include all of these programs, except for those programs that are platform-specific. (For example, the server startup scripts are not used on Windows.) The exception is that RPM distributions are more specialized. There is one RPM for the server, another for client programs, and so forth. If you appear to be missing one or more programs, see Chapter 2, Installing and Upgrading MySQL, for information on types of distributions and what they contain. It may be that you have a distribution that does not include all programs and you need to install an additional package.

Each MySQL program takes many different options. Most programs provide a --help option that you can use to get a description of the program's different options. For example, try mysql --help.

You can override default option values for MySQL programs by specifying options on the command line or in an option file. See Section 4.2, “Using MySQL Programs”, for general information on invoking programs and specifying program options.

The MySQL server, mysqld, is the main program that does most of the work in a MySQL installation. The server is accompanied by several related scripts that assist you in starting and stopping the server:

Several programs perform setup operations during MySQL installation or upgrading:

MySQL client programs that connect to the MySQL server:

MySQL administrative and utility programs:

MySQL program-development utilities:

Miscellaneous utilities:

Oracle Corporation also provides the MySQL Workbench GUI tool, which is used to administer MySQL servers and databases, to create, execute, and evaluate queries, and to migrate schemas and data from other relational database management systems for use with MySQL. Additional GUI tools include MySQL Notifier and MySQL for Excel.

MySQL client programs that communicate with the server using the MySQL client/server library use the following environment variables.

Environment Variable Meaning
MYSQL_UNIX_PORT The default Unix socket file; used for connections to localhost
MYSQL_TCP_PORT The default port number; used for TCP/IP connections
MYSQL_PWD The default password
MYSQL_DEBUG Debug trace options when debugging
TMPDIR The directory where temporary tables and files are created

For a full list of environment variables used by MySQL programs, see Section 4.9, “MySQL Environment Variables”.

Use of MYSQL_PWD is insecure. See Section 6.1.2.1, “End-User Guidelines for Password Security”.